Cita·Roma Antigua·Imperial Rome
Seneca’s Diagnosis of Anger
"Ira est brevis insania." — Seneca, in De Ira (On Anger, Book II), calls anger a momentary madness.
Salvator Rosa — "The Dream of Aeneas" (1660–65), public domain
Anger makes us lose our minds.
In De Ira, Book II, Seneca writes: 'Ira est brevis insania' — 'Anger is a brief madness.' He saw rage not as a spark, but as a full-blown seizure of reason.
Madmen on the throne.
Seneca’s warning wasn’t abstract. As Nero's adviser, he watched imperial wrath turn deadly, and feared what anger unleashed in those with power.
Seneca didn’t just preach self-control — he treated anger as a short-term insanity, diagnosing it as a threat to reason and the state alike.
